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1.
Rev. chil. cir ; 70(2): 127-132, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959360

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los resultados del uso de stent como terapia puente para cirugía en cáncer de colon izquierdo obstructivo en nuestro centro. Material y Método: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con cáncer de colon izquierdo obstructivo sometidos a la instalación de stent metálicos como terapia puente para una cirugía definitiva, entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2016. Se analizaron datos demográficos, éxito del procedimiento, complicaciones, vía de abordaje quirúrgico, anatomía patológica y seguimiento. Resultados: Se analizaron 10 pacientes. El procedimiento fue técnica y clínicamente exitoso en los 10 pacientes, sin complicaciones. Todos fueron a cirugía resectiva, logrando anastomosis primaria en 9 pacientes. En 3 se realizó un abordaje laparoscópico. Se logró una mediana de linfonodos de 41 en la pieza quirúrgica. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 34 meses, 2 presentan recidiva a distancia siendo pacientes con etapas más avanzadas al diagnóstico de su enfermedad. Discusión: El stent como terapia de puente a una cirugía electiva, permite obtener una baja tasa de colostomías, baja morbilidad, ofrecer cirugía laparoscópica y una óptima cirugía oncológica. Conclusión: El uso del stent como terapia puente en el cáncer de colon izquierdo obstructivo aparece como una buena alternativa para resolver esta patología en pacientes de mayor riesgo quirúrgico.


Objetive: To analyze the results of the use of stent as bridge therapy for surgery in obstructive left colon cancer in our center. Material and Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with obstructive left colon cancer undergoing metallic stenting as a bridge therapy for definitive surgery bet- ween January 2008 and December 2016. Demographic data, procedural success, complications, surgical approach, pathological anatomy and follow-up were analyzed. Results: Ten patients. The procedure was technically and clinically successful in all 10 patients, with no complications in any of them. All patients went to resective surgery, achieving primary anastomosis in 9 of them. In 3 of them, a laparoscopic approach was performed. A median of lymph nodes of 41 it was obtained in the surgical specimen. With a median follow-up of 34 months, 2 presented distant recurrence, which were patients diagnosed at a more advanced stage of their disease. Discussion: The stent as bridge therapy to an elective surgery, allows to obtain a low rate of colostomies, low morbidity, offer a laparoscopic surgery and an optimal cancer surgery. Conclusion: The use of the stent as a bridge therapy in obstructive left colon cancer appears as a good alternative to solve this pathology in patients of greater surgical risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Elective Surgical Procedures , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Self Expandable Metallic Stents , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Treatment Outcome , Laparoscopy , Colonic Neoplasms/complications , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology
2.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 28(3): 165-169, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118762

ABSTRACT

Standard triple therapy (TT), used massively as first-line empirical therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication, has shown a progressive decrease in its effectiveness, probably due to increasing resistance to clarithromycin. Recent studies in Chile show eradication under 90%, a limit suggested as adequate efficacy. The so-called concomitant therapy (CT) comprising a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole is the non-bismuth first-line therapy most recommended in current guidelines. However, we have no local data to assess the effectiveness of this regimen. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of CT in a group of patients controlled at a private health center in Santiago, Chile. Patients received 40 mg esomeprazole, 1 g amoxicillin, 500 mg clarithromycin and 500 mg metronidazole, every 12 hours, for 14 days. Sixty-six patients were included, of these patients, 36 returned to control. CT was successful in 33/36 patients, corresponding to 92% (95% CI: 82.5-100%, per protocol analysis). The frequency of significant side effects was 25% (mainly diarrhea and abdominal pain) and only one patient discontinued the treatment. In conclusion, 14-days CT therapy is effective to eradicate H. pylori and could be recommended as first-line empirical regimen, at least in the studied population segment and geographical area. Additional studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy in other socioeconomic and/or geographical settings.


La terapia triple estándar (TT), utilizada masivamente como terapia de primera línea empírica para erradicación de Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) ha mostrado una progresiva disminución de su efectividad, probablemente por resistencia creciente a claritromicina. Los últimos estudios en Chile muestran erradicación bajo 90%, límite sugerido como eficacia adecuada. Esto ha motivado la búsqueda de esquemas alternativos más eficaces, siendo la así llamada terapia concomitante (TC), que consiste en un inhibidor de la bomba de protones, amoxicilina, claritromicina y metronidazol, el esquema sin bismuto más recomendado en guías clínicas recientes. Sin embargo, no contamos con datos locales que evalúen su efectividad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar prospectivamente la efectividad de TC en un grupo de pacientes controlados en un centro de salud privado de Santiago de Chile. Los pacientes recibieron esomeprazol 40 mg, amoxicilina 1 g, claritromicina 500 mg y metronidazol 500 mg cada 12 h, por 14 días. Se incluyeron 66 pacientes, de los cuales 36 volvieron a control. La TC fue exitosa en 33/36 pacientes, correspondientes al 92% (IC 95%: 82,5-100%; análisis por protocolo). La frecuencia de efectos colaterales significativos fue 25% (principalmente diarrea y dolor abdominal) y sólo un paciente suspendió el tratamiento por esta causa. En conclusión, la TC por 14 días es efectiva para erradicar H. pylori, al menos en el segmento poblacional y área geográfica estudiados y es un esquema empírico que pudiera recomendarse como primera línea en nuestro medio, aunque se requiere confirmar su eficacia en otros grupos poblacionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Remission Induction , Drug Administration Schedule , Chile , Prospective Studies , Helicobacter pylori , Treatment Outcome , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Metronidazole/therapeutic use
3.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 27(1): 9-17, 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-868977

ABSTRACT

The presence of foam and bubbles during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) obscures the view of gastric lesions. Objective: To assess the confidence of a gastric cleansing scale in UGE. Methods: Prospective, multicenter study. The instrument was administered to patients undergoing a UGE examination. For the gastric visualization scale, the stomach was divided in 4 parts and a 1-4 scale was used to classify each part, with a total score of 4 (optimal view of gastric mucosa) and 16 (poor view of gastric mucosa), assessed by 2 independent endoscopists. An initial cleansing score was obtained and later, after cleansing of each studied section, and total. Inter-observer concordance was established by means of Kappa test, and the agreement on the global cleansing score was established with the Bland-Altman plot. Results: 53 patients went under UGE, with an average age of 48,7 years and 62,3 percent female subjects. The main indication for performing the UGE examination was gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (32.1 percent). Average duration of the procedure was 13.6 minutes. The average total gastrointestinal view before cleansing with water was 6.26 points (scale from 4 to 16) and 5.1 points (p < 0.001) after cleansing. 37.7 percent required at least 50 cc of water for cleansing. The difference in the pre and post cleansing score inter-observers was no different of 0. Kappa value obtained in gastric fundus, upper body, lower body and antrum before cleansing was 0.81; 0.71; 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. Kappa value obtained after cleansing of gastric fundus, upper body, lower body and antrum was 0.84; 0.65; 0.81 and 0.78; respectively. The mean difference between inter-observer scores before cleansing was 0.08 (p = 0.51), and after cleansing, 0.02 (p = 0.78)...


La presencia de espuma y burbujas durante la endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) es una limitante para la visualización de lesiones gástricas. Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad de una escala de clasificación de limpieza gástrica en EDA. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico. Se aplicó el instrumento a pacientes que estaban agendados para EDA. Para la clasificación de visualización gástrica, el estómago se dividió en 4 porciones y se utilizó una escala de 1 a 4 por porción, sumando un puntaje total entre 4 (óptima visualización de la mucosa) y 16 (pobre visualización de ésta), evaluada por 2 endoscopistas independientes. Se obtuvo un puntaje de limpieza inicial y luego de la limpieza con agua de cada segmento estudiado y total. La concordancia inter-observador se estableció por medio del test de Kappa y el acuerdo para el puntaje global de limpieza fue establecido mediante el gráfico de Bland-Altman. Resultados: 53 pacientes fueron sometidos a EDA, con edad promedio de 48,7 años y 62,3 por ciento de sexo femenino. La principal indicación de EDA fue enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (32,1 por ciento). El tiempo promedio del procedimiento fue 13,6 min. El promedio de visualización gástrica total previo a limpieza con agua fue de 6,26 puntos (escala 4 a 16) y post limpieza 5,1 puntos (p < 0,001). Para la limpieza el 37,7 por ciento requirió al menos 50 cc de agua. La diferencia de puntaje de visualización pre y post limpieza inter observador no fue distinta de 0. En fondo gástrico, cuerpo alto, cuerpo bajo y antro se obtuvo un valor de Kappa previo a limpieza de 0,81; 0,71; 0,9 y 0,8, respectivamente. El valor de Kappa posterior a limpieza en fondo gástrico, cuerpo alto, cuerpo bajo y antro fue 0,84; 0,65; 0,81 y 0,78, respectivamente. La diferencia media de los puntajes inter-observadores previos a la limpieza gástrica fue de 0,08 (p = 0,51) y posterior a la limpieza gástrica fue de 0,02 (p = 0,78)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Gastric Lavage/methods , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results
6.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 26(supl.1): S25-S31, 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-868972

ABSTRACT

Prevalence of colonic diverticulosis is increasing, although usually asymptomatic. Acute diverticulitis (AD)is the most frequent complications, afflicting 1-2 percent of cases in the long term. Diagnosis and classification of AD can usually be accomplished by simple clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. Ultrasonography and CT scan are the most frequently used imaging tests to confirm diagnosis and detect complications. Modifications to the classical Hinchey classification have incorporated uncomplicated AD (without abscess or perforation), the most frequent presentation, allowing to suggest therapy according to the severity of the disease. Uncomplicated AD usually has a benign course, does not require hospitalization and there is growing evidence suggesting that antibiotics are not required. Recurrence is uncommon and with low risk. The number of recurrences by itself is no more a valid criterion to indicate surgery and most patients should be managed medically, although there are no drugs with proven utility to modify the risk of recurrence. Complicated AD can be managed with intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of abscesses. Surgery is indicated in case of free perforation or diffuse peritonitis. There is a growing trend to use laparoscopic approach and perform peritoneal lavage, without resection in the emergency setting. However, many patients will require resective surgery during the follow-up. The classical paradigms that have guided the approach to colonic diverticulosis are being challenged by the lack of evidence, but the new ones still have to be constructed. For now, we must tolerate high levels of uncertainty and heterogeneity in the management of this common condition.


La diverticulosis colónica ha aumentado su frecuencia, es generalmente asintomática y se complica entre 1-2 por ciento a largo plazo, siendo la diverticulitis aguda (DA) la complicación más frecuente. El diagnóstico y categorización de la DA puede realizarse en base a las manifestaciones clínicas y exámenes de laboratorio simple. Las imágenes más utilizadas son la ecotomografía y la tomografía computada. Se han sugerido modificaciones a la clásica clasificación de Hinchey, que incorporan la DA no complicada y permiten sugerir la terapia de acuerdo a la gravedad. La DA no complicada (sin absceso ni perforación) es la presentación clínica más frecuente. Su evolución es benigna, no requiere hospitalización y existe evidencia creciente que cuestiona la utilidad de los antibióticos. La recurrencia es infrecuente y de bajo riesgo. El número de recurrencias no es un criterio válido para indicar la cirugía. La DA complicada puede manejarse con antibióticos intravenosos y drenaje percutáneo de abscesos. La cirugía está indicada en caso de perforación libre o peritonitis difusa. Existe una tendencia creciente a realizar aseo por vía laparoscópica, sin resección. La mayor parte de los pacientes con DA complicada requieren cirugía resectiva durante la evolución, mientras que aquellos con DA no complicada son de manejo médico, aunque no existen fármacos con utilidad demostrada para modificar el riesgo de recurrencia. Los paradigmas que han guiado el enfrentamiento de la diverticulosis colónica están siendo cuestionados por la falta de evidencia, por lo que, por ahora, debemos tolerar altos niveles de incerteza y heterogeneidad en el manejo de esta frecuente patología.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diverticulitis/classification , Diverticulitis/diagnosis , Diverticulitis/therapy , Diverticulosis, Colonic/complications , Acute Disease , Diverticulitis/etiology
7.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 25(4): 243-256, 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-766591

ABSTRACT

Digestive endoscopy is a complex tool for diagnosis and treatment, with continuous development both in technical aspects and in their application for the different pathologies where this technique is required. Therefore, a continuous education program is necessary for the practitioner using this technique. With the purpose of reaching an agreement between different aspects of the performance of these procedures and also generating proposals for its application that are useful for the physicians of this area of expertise, during 2013 the Chilean Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACHED) developed a workshop called ‘Relevant aspects of digestive endoscopy. Evidence-based suggestions’. This workshop was attended by gastroenterologists and trainee practitioners, who worked in groups during a period of two months where they reviewed available evidence to answer several questions relating to milestones and lesions that need to be described in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the preparation of the GI endoscopy report, technical aspects and quality measures in colonoscopy. This review resulted in proposals that were analyzed and agreed on in the form of recommendations presented for further analysis and discussion amongst endoscopic teams in our country.


La endoscopia digestiva es una herramienta de diagnóstico y tratamiento médico compleja, en continuo desarrollo tanto en lo técnico como en los conceptos de manejo de las patologías en las que se utiliza.Por lo tanto, es deseable una estrategia de formación continua del profesional que la realiza. Con el objetivode consensuar diferentes aspectos en la realización de estos procedimientos y generar propuestas de manejoque sean de utilidad para todos los médicos involucrados en esta especialidad, la Asociación Chilenade Endoscopia Digestiva (ACHED) realizó durante el año 2013 un curso taller denominado “Aspectosrelevantes en la realización de la endoscopia digestiva. Propuestas basadas en la evidencia”. Este cursoconvocó a gastroenterólogos y médicos en formación de la especialidad que conformaron grupos de trabajoque durante 2 meses revisaron la evidencia disponible para responder diversas preguntas en relación a los hitos y lesiones a describir en endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), la realización del informe en EDA, aspectos técnicos y medidores de calidad en colonoscopia. La revisión les permitió generar propuestas que fuerondiscutidas y consensuadas en recomendaciones que se proponen para su discusión por los equipos endoscópicos de nuestro país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Based Medicine , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/standards , Gastrointestinal Diseases/surgery , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Quality Control
8.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 24(3): 107-113, 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-763444

ABSTRACT

Most diminutive polyps (< 5 mm) detected during colonoscopy are hyperplastic, with no cancer risk. Endoscopic diagnosis would prevent unnecessary resection. Objective: To assess diagnostic accuracy of a simple endoscopic classification of diminutive polyps, applicable with current standard endoscopes. Methods: Subjects included patients with diminutive polyps, detected during colonoscopy. A generational cohort served for suggesting an endoscopic classification that was prospectively validated in a new cohort. Colonoscopies were performed by two experienced endoscopists, with standard colonoscopes (CFH180AL, Evis Exera II; Olympus), with narrow-band imaging (NBI). Endoscopic diagnosis was assessed in terms of Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive (PPV) and Negative Predictive Values (NPV) and Accuracy, using histological diagnosis as gold standard. Results: Generational cohort included 42 polyps. To classify polyps as ‘neoplastic’ or ‘non-neoplastic’ we used pit pattern (regular or irregular) and vascular marks (visible or non-visible). Validation cohort included 235 polyps, 63 percent of them hyperplastic. Neoplastic polyps were more frequent in proximal colon (49.2 percent) than in rectosigmoid (21.4 percent; p < 0.05). Endoscopic diagnosis revealed: Sensitivity = 75 percent; Specificity = 70 percent; PPV = 59 percent; NPV = 82 percent, and Accuracy = 72 percent. Diagnostic performance was better in rectosigmoid compared to proximal colon (NPV 90 percent vs 74 percent, respectively; p = NS). Both endoscopists showed significant differences in terms of their sensitivity (89 percent vs 60 percent, respectively; p < 0.05). The endoscopist with best results reached NPV = 97 percent in the rectosigmoid (n = 60). Conclusions: The proposed classification can be used in real-time. Endoscopic assessment may replace histological assessment of diminutive polyps of the rectosigmoid. Formal training is needed to reach the required diagnostic accuracy.


La mayoría de los pólipos < 5 mm detectados durante una colonoscopia son hiperplásticos, sin riesgo de cáncer. Su diagnóstico endoscópico evitaría resecciones innecesarias. Objetivo: Evaluar la precisión diagnóstica de una clasificación endoscópica de pólipos colónicos diminutos, aplicable con endoscopios habituales. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con pólipos diminutos detectados durante colonoscopia. Una cohorte de generación sirvió para proponer una clasificación endoscópica, que se validó prospectivamente en una segunda cohorte. Las colonoscopias fueron realizadas por dos endoscopistas experimentados, con colonoscopios estándar (CFH180AL, Evis Exera II; Olympus), con narrow-band imaging (NBI). El diagnóstico endoscópico fue evaluado en términos de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y precisión, usando el diagnóstico histológico como ‘gold standard’. Resultados: La cohorte de generación incluyó 42 pólipos. Para clasificar los pólipos como ‘neoplásico’ o ‘no neoplásico’ se utilizó el patrón superficial (regular o irregular) y las marcas vasculares (visibles o no visibles). La cohorte de validación incluyó 235 pólipos, 63 por ciento hiperplásticos. Los pólipos neoplásicos fueron más frecuentes en colon proximal (49,2 por ciento) que en rectosigmoides (21,4 por ciento; p < 0,05). El diagnóstico endoscópico indicó: Sensibilidad = 75 por ciento; Especificidad = 70 por ciento; VPP = 59 por ciento; VPN = 82 por ciento y Certeza Diagnóstica = 72 por ciento, y fue mejor en rectosigmoides que en colon proximal (VPN = 90 vs 74 por ciento, respectivamente; p = NS). Se observaron diferencias significativas en la sensibilidad al comparar ambos (89 vs 60 por ciento, respectivamente; p < 0,05). El endoscopista con mejor resultado alcanzó VPN = 97 por ciento en rectosigmoides (n = 60). Conclusiones: La clasificación propuesta es utilizable en tiempo real...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colonoscopy/methods , Colonic Polyps/diagnosis , Adenoma/diagnosis , Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Colonic Polyps/pathology , Sensitivity and Specificity
11.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 21(1): 23-26, ene.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-570402

ABSTRACT

Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis (CMUSE) is a rare pathology with no more than 30 reported cases worldwide. The diagnosis requires a combination of clinical elements, imagenological and histological, and to rule out other pathologies. This is the case of a 36 year-old patient presenting anemia, abdominal pain and diarrhea related to immune manifestations with a CMUSE diagnosis. Double balloon enteroscopy was a critical tool for the diagnosis. The patient showed a good response to steroidal treatment with symptomatic remission.


La enteritis estenosante y ulcerativa multifocal idiopática (CMUSE) es una entidad poco frecuente con no más de 30 casos reportados a nivel mundial. El diagnóstico requiere una combinación de elementos clínicos, imagenológicos e histológicos, y descartar otras patologías. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 36 años que se presenta con anemia, dolor abdominal y diarrea asociado a manifestaciones inmunológicas con diagnóstico de CMUSE. La enteroscopia Doble Balón fue una herramienta fundamental para el diagnóstico. Evolucionó con buena respuesta a tratamiento esteroidal con remisión sintomática mantenida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Enteritis/diagnosis , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Ulcer/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Enteritis/drug therapy , Intestine, Small , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Intestinal Obstruction/drug therapy , Vasculitis , Ulcer/drug therapy
15.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 15(1): 36-40, 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-398842

ABSTRACT

Son manifestaciones intestinales del lupus eritematoso sistémico, las trombosis (venosas o arteriales), vasculitis, pseudo-obstrucción intestinal crónica y las enteropatías perdedoras de proteínas. Describimos el caso de una paciente de 18 años, que ingresó por dolor abdominal y vómitos, con desarrollo posterior de hipoalbuminemia. El TAC abdominal mostró edema en diana de las asas desde duodeno hasta íleon, con escaso líquido libre perihepático. Los anticuerpos antinucleares y anti-DNA fueron positivos, con persistente hipocomplementemia. La terapia efectuada con corticoides, antibióticos y reposo intestinal fue efectiva, con normalización en el control a 4 semanas con TAC abdominal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Protein-Losing Enteropathies/complications , Ileitis/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(8): 869-78, ago. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-207123

ABSTRACT

Patients admitted with the diagnosis of AP to a clinical hospital were included in the study. According to an abdominal ultrasound study, patients were classified as having or not cholelithiasis. A duodenal biliary drainage was performed in 15 patientes with AP and without gallbladder stones. Results: Patients without cholelithiasis had recurrent AP more often than patients with biliary AP (53 and 3.3 percent respectively). Excessive alcohol ingestion did not rule out the possibility of biliary etiology. In 6 patients, the analysis of duodenal bile showed cholesterol crystals, and cholecystectomy confirmed the existence of gallbladder disease in 54. All of them remained asymptomatic during a follow-up period of four years. One patient refused surgery, with subsequent development of galls tones and recurrent episodes of AP. In other 4 patients, gallbladder disease was confirmed by percutaneous gallbladder puncture or during cholecystectomy. No recurrence of AP were observed during the follow-up. Conclusions: Microlithiasis or "occult" gallbladder disease accounts for at least 67 percent of the original "non-biliary" AP. Duodenal bile analysis is a useful and necessary technique for the evaluation of patients with "non-biliary" actue pancreatitis. Careful clinical and echographic follow-up of this subgroup of patients with AP is mandatory


Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreatitis/complications , Cholelithiasis/etiology , Bile/cytology , Bilirubin/blood , Cholecystectomy , Cholecystography , Acute Disease , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Transaminases/blood
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(8): 899-904, ago. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-207127

ABSTRACT

Eight patients received 80 units of BoTx. Assessment of response was based on changes in the symptom scores (0-9) and esophageal manometric studies. Results: Six out of 8 patients (75 percent) had sustained clinical improvement after therapy. This effect was maintained for a mean time of 17.8 months. The symptom score decreased from a mean of 6.7 to 0.5 (p < 0.01) and after treatment, LES pressure decreased from 63 to 25.5 mm Hg (p = 0.07).l There were no serious adverse effects. Five of the six responders have relapsed. Two of these patients received a second BoTx infection with satisfactory results, two went to surgery and one refused other type of therapy and died of pneumonia. Conclusions: Intrasphincteric BoTx injection is a simple, safe and effective method of treatment in patients with achalasia, with a duration of response averaging 1.5 years. Its use may be suggested in some patients with high surgical risk and those who refuse a more invastive therapy. It is also useful in malnourished patients to attain an adequate nutritional status before surgery


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Esophageal Achalasia/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins/administration & dosage , Esophagogastric Junction
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(8): 939-49, ago. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-207135

ABSTRACT

A NIH Consensus Conference recommended Helicobacter pylori eradication to all ulcer patients, based mainly on information coming from countries with a low prevalence of infection in general population. The epidemiological situation is different in developing countries, where a pandemic of H., pylori goes unchecked, and most people become infected at young age. It is possible that response to eradication therapies and reinfection rate were to be included among the differences between developed and developing countries, raising doubts about the worldwide applicability of NIH recommendations. Limited published evidence and out experience suggest that eradication therapies have a lower efficacy and reinfection rate is significantly higher in developing compared to developed countries. In spite of this, the risk of ulcer recurrence after H. pylori eradication is substantially reduced compared to antisecretory therapy. Model analysis to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of H. pylori eradication, using figures that probably include the clinical and cost situation of developing countries, suggests that also from an economic perspective H. pylori eradication should be the standard treatment for peptic ulcer disease in developing countries. Local studies must determine the best eradication therapy for a particular geographical location, and longer follow-up of eradicated patients is needed to determine the true reinfection rate


Subject(s)
Humans , Helicobacter pylori/drug effects , Helicobacter Infections , Recurrence , Tetracycline/therapeutic use , Famotidine/therapeutic use , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Esophagitis/microbiology , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Developing Countries , Peptic Ulcer/microbiology
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